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type vs which in bash

In bash, type is a shell builtin command where as which is a script.

So, using type is more preferable.

Also, some history and more.

1027 /usr/local> type which
which is aliased to `alias | /usr/bin/which --tty-only --read-alias --show-dot --show-tilde'

1028 /usr/local> type type
type is a shell builtin
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~/.bash_profile, ~/.bash_login, ~/.profile, ~/.bashrc and /etc/profile

When you log in to the system, bash will first execute the global setup file /etc/profile and then it will look for the personal setup file in the following order (will stop on the first finding)

  1. ~/.bash_profile (Derived from the Bourne Shell’s file name .profile)
  2. ~/.bash_login (Derived from the C Shell’s file name .login)
  3. ~/.profile

If all 3 files exist and need to be used, source the other files from ~/.bash_profile

~/.bashrc will be executed when you run a subshell by typing bash on the command line.

If ~/.bashrc needs to be executed when you log in to the system, source the file from ~/.bash_profile

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Bash wildcards and brace expansions

Wildcards will only expand to match the names of the files in the working directory.

  • *
  • ?
  • [abc]
  • [a-z]
  • [!a-z]

So,

echo *

will list all the files in the working directory

 

But brace will expand regardless of the file existence.

echo a{b,c}d

will always echo

abd acd
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“peer not authenticated” error during plugin fetch in Gradle build was resolved by upgrading Java to version 1.8

Summary:
“peer not authenticated” error during plugin fetch in Gradle build was resolved by upgrading Java to version 1.8

Troubleshooting Process:

Problem
[root@server01 my-project]# gradle war

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* Where:
Build file ‘/root/tmp/git/my-project/build.gradle’ line: 6

* What went wrong:
Error resolving plugin [id: ‘com.moowork.node’, version: ‘0.12’]
> Could not GET ‘https://plugins.gradle.org/api/gradle/2.10/plugin/use/com.moowork.node/0.12’.
> peer not authenticated

* Try:
Run with –stacktrace option to get the stack trace. Run with –info or –debug option to get more log output.

BUILD FAILED

Total time: 7.763 secs

 

To see if the URL really is not accessible
[root@server01 tmp]# wget https://plugins.gradle.org/api/gradle/2.10/plugin/use/com.moowork.node/0.12
–2016-05-10 19:49:06– https://plugins.gradle.org/api/gradle/2.10/plugin/use/com.moowork.node/0.12
Resolving plugins.gradle.org… 104.25.172.23, 104.25.173.23, 2400:cb00:2048:1::6819:ad17, …
Connecting to plugins.gradle.org|104.25.172.23|:443… connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response… 200 OK
Length: unspecified [application/json]
Saving to: `0.12′

[ <=> ] 238 –.-K/s in 0s

2016-05-10 19:49:07 (25.4 MB/s) – `0.12′ saved [238]

[root@server01 tmp]# ll
…
-rw-r–r–. 1 root root 238 2016-05-10 19:49 0.12
…

 

Saw comments saying that upgrading Java7 to Java8 solved the problem from:
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/22887829/peer-not-authenticated-while-importing-gradle-project-in-eclipse

[root@server01 my-project]# java -version
java version “1.7.0_101”
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (rhel-2.6.6.1.el6_7-x86_64 u101-b00)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.95-b01, mixed mode)
[root@server01 my-project]# which java
/usr/bin/java
[root@server01 my-project]# ll /usr/bin/java
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 22 2016-05-02 11:15 /usr/bin/java -> /etc/alternatives/java

 

Following the instructions below,
http://tecadmin.net/install-java-8-on-centos-rhel-and-fedora/

[root@server01 my-project]# wget –no-cookies –no-check-certificate –header “Cookie: gpw_e24=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oracle.com%2F; oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie” “http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u91-b14/jdk-8u91-linux-x64.tar.gz”
[root@server01 my-project]# tar xzf jdk-8u91-linux-x64.tar.gz
[root@server01 my-project]# mv jdk1.8.0_91/ /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_91
[root@server01 my-project]# alternatives –install /usr/bin/java java /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_91/bin/java 2
[root@server01 my-project]# alternatives –config java
———————————————–
*+ 1 /usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.7.0-openjdk.x86_64/bin/java
2 /usr/lib/jvm/jre-1.6.0-openjdk.x86_64/bin/java
3 /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_91/bin/java

Because changing the default Java version was not desired, the path variable was modified for temporary testing purpose
[root@server01 my-project]# java -version
java version “1.7.0_101”
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (rhel-2.6.6.1.el6_7-x86_64 u101-b00)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.95-b01, mixed mode)
[root@server01 my-project]# which java
/usr/bin/java
[root@server01 my-project]# export PATH=/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_91/bin:$PATH
[root@server01 my-project]# which java
/usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.8.0_91/bin/java
[root@server01 tmp]# java -version
java version “1.8.0_91”
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_91-b14)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.91-b14, mixed mode)

 

And finally,
[root@server01 vc-web-advanced]# gradle war
Download https://plugins.gradle.org/m2/com/moowork/gradle/gradle-node-plugin/0.12/gradle-node-plugin-0.12.pom
Download https://plugins.gradle.org/m2/com/moowork/gradle/gradle-gulp-plugin/0.12/gradle-gulp-plugin-0.12.pom
Download https://plugins.gradle.org/m2/com/moowork/gradle/gradle-node-plugin/0.12/gradle-node-plugin-0.12.jar
Download https://plugins.gradle.org/m2/com/moowork/gradle/gradle-gulp-plugin/0.12/gradle-gulp-plugin-0.12.jar
========================= Deploy : local-biz =========================
:compileJava
…
:war

BUILD SUCCESSFUL